Biomarker Reference Guide

Browse 200+ blood test and urine biomarkers. Learn what each marker measures, reference ranges, and what high or low values mean.

Complete Blood Count

Metabolic Panel

Albumin (g/dL)
Albumin/Globulin Ratio (ratio)
Amylase (U/L)
Anion Gap (mEq/L)
BUN (mg/dL)
BUN/Creatinine Ratio (ratio)
CO2 (Bicarbonate) (mEq/L)
Calcium (Ca) (mg/dL)
Chloride (Cl) (mEq/L)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Globulin (g/dL)
Glucose (mg/dL)
Ionized Calcium (mg/dL)
Lactate (mmol/L)
Lipase (U/L)
Osmolality (mOsm/kg)
Phosphorus (mg/dL)
Potassium (K) (mEq/L)
Sodium (Na) (mEq/L)
Total Protein (g/dL)
Uric Acid (mg/dL)
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

Lipid Panel

Liver Function

ALP (U/L)
ALT (SGPT) (U/L)
AST (SGOT) (U/L)
Ammonia (µmol/L)
Bilirubin (Direct) (mg/dL)
Bilirubin (Indirect) (mg/dL)
Bilirubin (Total) (mg/dL)
Ceruloplasmin (mg/dL)
GGT (U/L)
Haptoglobin (mg/dL)
LDH (U/L)
Prealbumin (mg/dL)

Kidney Function

Thyroid Panel

Free T3 (pg/mL)
Free T4 (ng/dL)
Free Thyroxine Index (FTI) (index)
T3 Uptake (%)
TPO Antibodies (IU/mL)
TSH (mIU/L)
Thyroglobulin (ng/mL)
Thyroglobulin Antibody (IU/mL)
Total T3 (ng/dL)
Total T4 (µg/dL)

Vitamins & Minerals

Active Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)
Copper (µg/dL)
Folate (ng/mL)
Magnesium (mg/dL)
Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) (nmol/L)
Selenium (µg/L)
Vitamin A (Retinol) (µg/dL)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (nmol/L)
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)
Vitamin B6 (µg/L)
Vitamin C (mg/dL)
Vitamin D (25-OH) (ng/mL)
Vitamin E (mg/L)
Zinc (µg/dL)

Iron Studies

Ferritin (ng/mL)
Iron (µg/dL)
TIBC (µg/dL)
Transferrin (mg/dL)
Transferrin Saturation (%)
UIBC (µg/dL)

Diabetes & Glycemic

C-Peptide (ng/mL)
Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) (mg/dL)
Fructosamine (µmol/L)
HOMA-IR (Insulin Resistance) (ratio)
HbA1c (%)
Insulin (Fasting) (µIU/mL)
Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (ratio)
Leptin (ng/mL)

Hormones

ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) (U/L)
ACTH (pg/mL)
Aldosterone (ng/dL)
Angiotensin I (pg/mL)
Angiotensin II (pg/mL)
Beta-HCG (mIU/mL)
Cortisol (µg/dL)
DHEA-S (µg/dL)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (ng/dL)
Estradiol (E2) (pg/mL)
Estrone (E1) (pg/mL)
FSH (mIU/mL)
Growth Hormone (GH) (ng/mL)
IGF-1 (ng/mL)
LH (mIU/mL)
PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) (pg/mL)
Pregnenolone (ng/dL)
Progesterone (ng/mL)
Prolactin (ng/mL)
Renin (Plasma Activity) (ng/mL/hr)
SHBG (nmol/L)
Testosterone (Bioavailable) (ng/dL)
Testosterone (Free) (pg/mL)
Testosterone (Total) (ng/dL)

Inflammation & Immune

Anti-CCP (U/mL)
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody (GPL U/mL)
Anti-Gliadin IgA (U/mL)
Anti-Gliadin IgG (U/mL)
Anti-Parietal Cell Antibody (IgG) (U/mL)
Anti-Ro/SSA Antibody (U/mL)
Anti-dsDNA (IU/mL)
Anti-tTG IgA (U/mL)
Anti-tTG IgG (U/mL)
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) (COI)
Antiparietal Cell Antibody (U/mL)
Beta-2 Microglobulin (mg/L)
CH50 (Total Complement) (U/mL)
CRP (C-Reactive Protein) (mg/L)
Complement C3 (mg/dL)
Complement C4 (mg/dL)
ESR (mm/hr)
IgA (mg/dL)
IgE (Total) (IU/mL)
IgG (mg/dL)
IgM (mg/dL)
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) (IU/mL)

Cardiac Markers

BNP (pg/mL)
CK-MB (Activity) (U/L)
CK-MB (Mass) (ng/mL)
Creatine Kinase (CK) (U/L)
Homocysteine (µmol/L)
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)
Troponin I (ng/mL)
Troponin T (ng/mL)

Coagulation

Antithrombin III (%)
D-Dimer (mg/L FEU)
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)
INR (ratio)
PTT (seconds)
Protein C Activity (%)
Prothrombin Time (PT) (seconds)

Tumor Markers

AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) (ng/mL)
CA 15-3 (U/mL)
CA 19-9 (U/mL)
CA 72-4 (U/mL)
CA-125 (U/mL)
CEA (ng/mL)
CYFRA 21-1 (ng/mL)
Free PSA (ng/mL)
Free PSA (%) (%)
HE4 (pmol/L)
PSA (ng/mL)

Infectious Disease

Urinalysis

Other

Calprotectin (µg/g)
Fecal Occult Blood